6) Social constructivism: learning together is powerful

• Vygotsky: learners can reach higher understanding with social scaffolding (teacher, peers).
• Group reflection and dialogue deepen processing and support transfer.

Lesson design actions:

• Use group work with structured roles (explainer, questioner, summarizer).
• Plan collaborative reflection sessions where groups compare approaches.
• Use peer feedback and supported scaffolding (teacher as more-knowledgeable-other during initial phases).